High School Courses

ENGLISH 9, ACADEMIC  (ENG1D)
This course is designed to develop the oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 academic English course, which leads to university or college preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12.

PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATICS 9, ACADEMIC (MPM1D)
This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to algebra, analytic geometry, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning.  Students will investigate relationships, which they will then generalize as equations of lines, and will determine the connections between different representations of a linear relation.  They will also explore relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes.  Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

SCIENCE 9, ACADEMIC (SNC1D)
This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and components; and the principles of electricity.

GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA 9, ACADEMIC  (CGC1D)
This course explores Canada’s distinct and changing character and the geographic systems and relationships that shape it.  Students will investigate the interactions of natural and human systems within Canada, as well as Canada’s economic, cultural, and environmental connections to other countries.  Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to analyse and evaluate geographic issues and present their findings.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS 9, OPEN (BTT1O)
This course introduces students to information and communication technology in a business environment and builds a foundation of digital literacy skills necessary for success in a technologically driven society. Students will develop word processing, spreadsheet, database, desktop publishing, presentation software, and website design skills.  Throughout the course, there is an emphasis on digital literacy, effective electronic research and communication skills, and current issues related to the impact of information and communication technology.

VISUAL ARTS 9, OPEN (AVI1O)
This course offers an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study.  Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials (such as conte, pencil, charcoal, acrylic paints etc.), processes, techniques, and styles.  They will learn and use methods of analysis and criticism and will study the characteristics of particular historical art periods.  Art history will focus on the Egyptian Culture and on Canadian Art. Studio topics include the following: sketching, still lives, sculpture, landscape painting.

DRAMATIC ARTS 9, OPEN  (ADA1O)
The main focus of this course is the development of the personal resources and performance skills necessary to drama.  Students explore many different ways to communicate with an audience; for example, spontaneous and planned improvisation, role-play, simulation, hot seating, tableaux, mime, and choral speech.  This course emphasizes the active exploration of dramatic forms and techniques, using material from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures.  Students will construct, discuss, perform, and analyse drama, and then reflect on the experiences to develop an understanding of themselves, the art form, and the world around them.  A strong emphasis is placed on utilizing positive group skills through theory, creation and analysis.

CORE FRENCH 9, ACADEMIC (FSF1D)
This course emphasizes the further development of oral communication, reading and writing skills.  Students will build on and apply their knowledge of French while exploring a variety of themes, such as relationships, social trends, and careers.  Thematic readings, which include a selection of short stories, articles and poems, will serve as stepping stones to oral and written activities.

SPANISH LEVEL 1, ACADEMIC  (LWSAD)
This introductory course is designed to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing competency in Spanish.  Students are exposed to the culture, geography, and traditions of the Hispanic world and the various dialects of the Spanish language as it is spoken by native speakers.  Students learn to perform a variety of language functions (to list, ask questions, describe, give/follow directions, narrate, and express opinions) in a variety of practical situations, for example, at home, at school, when playing sports, traveling, or haggling at a local market.  Recommended for beginners with no prior exposure to Spanish.

HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIVING EDUCATION 9, OPEN (PPL1O)
This course emphasizes students’ daily participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy living.  Students will learn movement techniques and principles, ways to improve personal fitness and physical competence, and safety/injury-prevention strategies. This course will provide each student with an increased knowledge of the rules and skills required for the following sports: softball, soccer, basketball, volleyball and floor hockey.  The rules for each sport will be expanded upon in order that the student may have an increased understanding of the sport.  Also, the required physical skills will be further introduced, practiced and used in game situations.  The Health component has three major units: The use and abuse of Alcohol and Tobacco and other Drugs; Physical Fitness and Nutrition; and Healthy Sexuality (AIDS and STDs).  Each unit will build on previous knowledge from Physical and Health Education 8 and provide each student with more in-depth and extensive information on current issues and topics.  Students will participate in activities designed to develop goal setting, communication and social skills.

ENGLISH 10, ACADEMIC (ENG2D)
This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the selective use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 university or college preparation course.

PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATICS 10, ACADEMIC (MPM2D)
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and  extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology and abstract reasoning.  Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify  properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles, Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

SCIENCE 10, ACADEMIC (SNC2D)
This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

CANADIAN HISTORY SINCE WORLD WAR I 10, ACADEMIC (CHC2D)
This course explores the local, national, and global forces that have shaped Canada’s national identity from World War I to the present.  Students will investigate the challenges presented by economic, social, and technological changes and explore the contributions of individuals and groups to Canadian culture and society during this period. Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to evaluate various interpretations of the issues and events of the period and to present their own points of view.

CIVICS 10, OPEN (CHV2O)
This course explores what it means to be an informed, participating citizen in a democratic society.  Students will learn about the elements of democracy in local, national, and global contexts, about political reactions to social change, and about political decision-making processes in Canada.  They will explore their own and other's ideas about civic questions and learn how to think critically about public issues and react responsibly to them. (0.5 credit course)

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS 10,OPEN (BBI2O)
This course introduces students to the world of business.  Students will develop an understanding of the functions of business, including accounting, marketing, information technology, human resources, and production, and of the importance of ethics and social responsibility.  This course builds a foundation for further studies in business and helps students develop the business knowledge and skills they will need in their everyday lives.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES 10, OPEN (ICS2O)
This course introduces students to computer programming. Students will plan and write simple computer programs by applying fundamental programming concepts, and learn to create clear and maintainable internal documentation. They will also learn to manage a computer by studying hardware configurations, software selection, operating system functions, networking, and safe computing practices. Students will also investigate the social impact of computer technologies, and develop an understanding of environmental and ethical issues related to the use of computers.

VISUAL ARTS 10, OPEN (AVI2O)
This course emphasizes learning through practice; building on what the students know; and introducing them to new ideas, materials, and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation. Student learning will include the refined application of the elements and principles of design, incorporating the creative and design processes, and the relationship between form and content. The studio component focuses on a variety of working skills and emphasizes drawing, painting and three-dimensional studies.  Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Greek and Roman Art are also studied intensively.

DRAMATIC ARTS 10, OPEN (ADA2O)
In this course students will actively explore dramatic forms and techniques, using their own ideas as well as sources selected from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Student learning will include identifying and using the principles of space, time, voice, and movement in creating, sustaining, and communicating authentic roles within a drama. Students explore the voice and body through choral speaking, tableaux, mime, improvisation, monologues, and scene work.  This course provides a strong background in dramatic forms that will be used at the senior level.

MEDIA ARTS 10, OPEN (ASM20)
This course will develop students’ artistic knowledge and skills by introducing them to current media arts technologies and processes. Student learning will include the analysis, appreciation, and production of media art, using a variety of traditional techniques (e.g. photography, film, photocopy art) and emergent technologies (e.g. computers, digital cameras, scanners, multimedia, animation.)

CORE FRENCH 10, ACADEMIC (FSF2D)
This course enables students to increase their knowledge of the French language, further develop their language skills, and deepen their understanding and appreciation of francophone culture around the world.  Exploring a variety of themes, students will develop and apply critical thinking skills in discussion, in their analysis and interpretation of texts, and in their own writing.

SPANISH LEVEL 2, ACADEMIC  (LWSBD)
This course provides students with the language learning experiences that will enable them to communicate in Spanish.  Students will continue to develop and apply their speaking skills in a variety of contexts, and will participate in activities that will improve their reading comprehension and writing skills.  They will also continue to explore aspects of the culture of countries where Spanish  is spoken by taking part in community-sponsored events and activities involving both print and technological resources.  Although students will continue to expand their vocabulary and repertoire of language structures, the language they will use at this level will still be simple.

HEALTHY ACTIVE LIVING EDUCATION 10, OPEN (PPL2O)
This course will provide each student with an increased knowledge of the rules and skills required for the following sports: softball, football, soccer, basketball, volleyball and floor hockey.  The rules for each sport will be explored in depth in order that the student may have a complete understanding of the regulations and procedures of the sport.  Student learning will include the application of movement principles to refine skills; participation in a variety of activities that enhance personal competence, fitness and health.  The Health component has three major units: Substance Use and Abuse; Physical Fitness and Healthy Eating; and Healthy Sexuality (AIDS and STDs).  Each unit will build on previous knowledge from Healthy Active Living Education 9 and provide each student with more in-depth and extensive information on current issues and topics. Student learning will include the use of informed decision-making, conflict resolution, and social skills in making personal choices.

ENGLISH 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (ENG3U)
This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course.

FUNCTIONS 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (MCR3U)
This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students’ experiences with linear and quadratic relations.  Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; and develop facility in simplifying polynomial and rational expressions.  Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (MCF3M)
This course introduces basic features of the function by extending students’ experiences with quadratic relations.  It focuses on  quadratic, trigonometric, and exponential functions and their use in modelling real-world situations.  Students will represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; simplify expressions; solve equations; and solve problems relating to financial and trigonometric applications.  Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

FOUNDATIONS FOR COLLEGE MATHEMATICS 11, COLLEGE PREPARATION  (MBF3C)
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as a problem solving tool in the real world.  Students will extend their understanding of quadratic relations, as well as of measurement and geometry; investigate situations involving exponential growth; solve problems involving compound interest; solve financial problems connected with vehicle ownership; and develop their ability to reason by collecting, analysing, evaluating data involving one and two variables.  Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

BIOLOGY 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (SBI3U)
This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.
 
CHEMISTRY 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION  (SCH3U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of the properties of chemicals and chemical bonds; chemical reactions and quantitative relationships in those reactions; solutions and solubility; and atmospheric chemistry and the behaviour of gases. Students will further develop their analytical skills and investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of matter, as well as the impact of some common chemical reactions on society and the environment.
 
PHYSICS 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION  (SPH3U)
This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore kinematics, with an emphasis on linear motion; different kinds of forces; energy transformations; the properties of mechanical waves and sound; and electricity and magnetism. They will enhance their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics. In addition, they will analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

THE AMERICAS: GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS AND ISSUES 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (CGD3M)
This course investigates the geographic systems and patterns of the Americas, focusing on questions arising from the growing interdependence of the countries in the region. Students will examine diverse environmental, economic, and cultural factors influencing the different countries and their people, and the interactions among them  Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to investigate trends and issues and communicate their findings.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES,  AND INTERACTIONS 11,  UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION  (CGF3M)
This course examines the major patterns of 
physical geography and the powerful forces that affect them. Students will investigate the dynamic nature of the earth, the evolving relationship between the planet and its people, and the factors that limit our ability to predict the changes that will occur.  Students will use a wide range of geotechnologies and inquiry methods to investigate the distribution and interaction of the elements of their physical environment and to communicate their findings.

WORLD HISTORY TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (CHW3M)
This course investigates the history of humanity from earliest times to the sixteenth century.  Students will analyse diverse societies from around the world, with emphasis on the political, cultural, and economic structures and historical forces that have shaped the modern world.  They will apply historical inquiry, critical thinking and communication skills to evaluate the influence of selected individuals, groups, and innovations and to present their own conclusions.

AMERICAN HISTORY 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CHA3U)
This course traces the social, economic, and political development of the United States from colonial times to present.  Students will examine issues of diversity, identity, and culture that have influenced the country’s social and political formation and will consider the implications of its expansion into a global superpower.  Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to determine causal relationships, evaluate multiple perspectives, and present their own points of view.

WORLD HISTORY SINCE 1900: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES, OPEN (CHT3O )
This course focuses on the major events and issues in world history from 1900 to the present.  Students will investigate the causes and effects of global and regional conflicts and the responses of individuals and governments to social, economic, and political changes.  Students will use critical thinking and communication skills to formulate and test points of view, draw conclusions and present their findings about the challenges that have faced and continue to face people in various parts of the world.   

UNDERSTANDING CANADIAN LAW 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (CLU3M)
This course explores Canadian law with a focus on legal issues that are relevant to people’s everyday lives.  Students will investigate fundamental legal concepts and processes to gain a practical understanding of Canada’s legal system, including the criminal justice system.  Students will use critical-thinking, inquiry, and communication skills to develop informed opinions on legal issues and apply this knowledge in a variety of ways and settings, including case analysis, legal research projects, mock trials, and debates.                                       

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT 11, OPEN (BTA3O)
This course prepares students for the digital environment.  Using a hands-on approach, students will further develop information and communication technology skills through the use of common business software applications.  The concept and operation of e-business will be explored, and students will design and create an e-business website.  The skills developed in this course will prepare students for success in the workplace and/or postsecondary studies.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FUNDAMENTALS 11, 
UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE (BAF3M)
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting.  Students will develop  financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and current issues and ethics in accounting. 

MARKETING: GOODS, SERVICES, EVENTS 11, COLLEGE PREPARATION (BMI3C)
This course introduces the fundamental concepts of product marketing, which includes the marketing of goods, services, and events.  Students will examine how trends, issues, global economic changes, and information technology influence consumer buying habits.  Students will engage in marketing research, develop marketing strategies, and produce a marketing plan for a product of their choice.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (ICS3U)
This course introduces students to computer science. Students will design software independently and as part of a team, using industry-standard programming tools and applying the software development life-cycle model. They will also write and use subprograms within computer programs. Students will develop creative solutions for various types of problems as their understanding of the computing environment grows. They will also explore environmental and ergonomic issues, emerging research in computer science, and global career trends in computer-related fields.

INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND SOCIOLOGY 11,UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (HSP3M)
This course introduces the theories, questions, and issues that are the major concerns of anthropology, psychology, and sociology.  Students will develop an understanding of the way social scientists approach the topics they study and the research methods they employ.  Students will be given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives and to become familiar with current thinking on a range of issues that have captured the interest of classical and contemporary social scientists in the three disciplines.

WORLD RELIGIONS: BELIEFS, ISSUES AND RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION  (HRT3M)
This course enables students to discover what others believe and how they live, and to appreciate their own unique heritage.  Students will learn about the teachings and traditions of a variety of religions, the connections between religion and the development of civilizations, the place and functions of religion in human experience, and the influence of a broad range of  religions on contemporary society.  This course also introduces students to skills used in researching and investigating world religions.

THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE ECONOMY 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (CIE3M)
This course examines the changing Canadian economy and helps students develop an understanding of their own role as economic agents.  Students will apply economic models and concepts to assess the roles of the various stakeholders in the Canadian economy and analyse the interactions among them.  Students will consider the economic behaviour of the individual as consumer, contributor, and citizen in a mixed economy and will apply economic inquiry, critical-thinking, and communication skills to make and defend informed economic decisions.

VISUAL ARTS 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (AVI3M)
This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts.  Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills.  Students will also analyse art works  and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world.
 
PHOTOGRAPHY 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (AWQ3M)
This course focuses on studio activities in the photographic arts. Students will be introduced to SLR (single lens reflex) cameras with a primary focus on digital media. They will learn basic darkroom processes and will explore various digital and manual editing and manipulation techniques. Students will create art work that explores a wide range of subject matter. Students will expand their knowledge of photographic history and deepen their abilities to analyze, interpret and evaluate their own photographs and those of other photographers from Western and various world cultures.
 
DRAMATIC ARTS 11, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION(ADA3M)
This course requires students to create and to perform dramatic presentations.  Students will analyse, interpret, and perform works of drama from various cultures, including Western plays from around 1900.   Students will also do research on different  acting styles and conventions for their presentations, create original works, and analyse the functions of playwrights, directors, actor, producer, designer, technician, and audience.

MEDIA ARTS 11, OPEN (ASM30)
This course emphasizes the development of the knowledge and skills required for the production of media art works. (e.g., robosculpture, photocopy art, computer animation with synthesized sound). Students will develop an appreciation of the history of media art through analysing specific works, and will create media art works using a variety of technologies (e.g. digital camera, photo-imaging software).

CORE FRENCH 11, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (FSF3U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of reading and writing skills and to reinforce oral communication skills.  Students will gain a greater understanding of French-speaking cultures in Canada and around the world through their reading of a variety of materials, including a short novel or a play.  Students will produce various written assignments, including a formal essay.  The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.

SPANISH LEVEL 3, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (LWSCU)
This course offers students opportunities to further develop their knowledge of Spanish and to enhance their communication skills.  Students will use increased sophisticated language in a variety of activities that will enable them to speak and write with clarity and accuracy.  Students will also enhance their thinking skills through the critical study of literature, and continue to explore aspects of the culture of countries where the language is spoken through a variety of print and technological resources.

HEALTHY ACTIVE LIVING EDUCATION 11, OPEN  (PPL3O)
This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that have the potential to engage students' interest throughout their lives.  Students will be encouraged to develop personal competence in a variety of movement skills and will be given opportunities to practice goal-setting, decision-making, social, and interpersonal skills.  Students will also study the components of healthy relationships, reproductive health, mental health, and personal safety.

ENGLISH 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION  (ENG4U)
This course emphasizes the consolidation of the literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse a range of challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures; interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using academic language coherently and confidently, selecting the reading strategies best suited to particular texts and particular purposes for reading, and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for university, college, or the workplace.

THE WRITER'S CRAFT 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (EWC4U)
This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyse models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONS 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (MHF4U)
This course extends students’ experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.

MATHEMATICS OF DATA MANAGEMENT 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (MDM4U)
This course broadens students’ understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analysing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.

CALCULUS AND VECTORS 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (MCV4U)
This course builds on students’ previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modeling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.

PHYSICS 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (SPH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyse, qualitatively and quantitatively, data relating to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.
 
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (SES4U)
This course develops students’ understanding of Earth and its place in the universe. Students will investigate the properties of and forces in the universe and solar system and analyse techniques scientists use to generate knowledge about them. Students will closely examine the materials of Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its geological history, and will learn how Earth’s systems interact and how they have changed over time. Throughout the course, students will learn how these forces, processes, and materials affect their daily lives. The course draws on biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics in its consideration of geological and astronomical processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.
 
BIOLOGY 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (SBI4U)
This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

CHEMISTRY 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (SCH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, the structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, equilibrium in chemical systems, and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and investigation skills as they investigate chemical processes, and will refine their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in everyday life and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.

CANADIAN AND WORLD ISSUES: A GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CGW4U)
This course examines the global challenges of creating a sustainable and equitable future, focusing on current issues that illustrate these challenges.  Students will investigate a range of topics, including cultural, economic, and geopolitical relationships, regional disparities in the ability to meet basic human needs, and protection of the natural environment.  Students will use geotechnologies and skills of geographic inquiry and analysis to develop and communicate balanced opinions about the complex issues facing Canada and a world that is interdependent and constantly changing.

THE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (CGR4M)
This course investigates the complexity and fragility of ecosystems and the pressures human activities place on them.  Students will examine ecological processes, the principles of sustainability, and strategies for resource management, with a focus on the challenges of environmental degradation and resource depletion.  Students will use geotechnologies and skills of geographic inquiry to explain and evaluate various approaches to achieving a more sustainable relationship between people and their environment.

WORLD HISTORY: THE  WEST AND THE WORLD 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CHY4U)
This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization and world history from the sixteenth century to the present.  Students will learn about the interaction between the emerging West and other regions of the world and about the development of modern social, political and economic systems.  They will use critical thinking and communication skills to investigate the historical roots of contemporary issues and present their conclusions.

CANADIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CLN4U)
This course examines elements of Canadian and international law in social, political and global contexts.  Students will study the historical and philosophical sources of law and the principles and practice of international law and will learn to relate them to issues in Canadian society and the wider world. Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to analyse legal issues, conduct independent research, and present the results of their inquiries in a variety of ways.

CANADIAN AND WORLD POLITICS 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CPW4U)
This course examines Canadian and world politics from a variety of perspectives.  Students will investigate the ways in which individuals, groups, and states work to influence domestic and world events, the role of political ideologies in national and international politics and the dynamics of international cooperation and conflict resolution.  Students will apply critical thinking and communication skills to develop and support informed opinions about current political conflicts, events and issues.

ANALYSING CURRENT ECONOMIC ISSUES 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (CIA4U)
This course investigates the nature of the competitive global economy and explores how individuals and societies can gain the information they need to make appropriate economic decisions.  Students will learn about the principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics, apply economic models and concepts to interpret economic information, assess the validity of statistics, and investigate marketplace dynamics.  Students will use economic inquiry and communication skills to analyse current economic issues, make informed judgments and present their findings.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (BAT4M)
This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for postsecondary studies in business.  Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions.  This course further develops accounting methods for assets and introduces accounting for partnerships, corporations, and sources of financing. 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS FUNDAMENTALS 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (BBB4M)
This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets.  Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively. This course prepares students for postsecondary programs in business, including international business, marketing and management.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 12,  UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (ICS4U)
This course enables students to further develop knowledge and skills in computer science. Students will use modular design principles to create complex and fully documented programs, according to industry standards. Student teams will manage a large software development project, from planning through to project review. Students will also analyse algorithms for effectiveness. They will investigate ethical issues in computing and further explore environmental issues, emerging technologies, areas of research in computer science, and careers in the field.

CHALLENGE AND CHANGE IN SOCIETY 12,
UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION  (HSB4M)
This course examines the theories and methodologies used in anthropology, psychology, and sociology to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and their impact on society.  Students will analyse cultural, social, and biological patterns in human societies, looking at the ways in which those patterns change over time.  Students will also explore the ideas of classical and contemporary social theorists, and will apply those ideas to the analysis of contemporary trends.

PHILOSOPHY: QUESTIONS AND THEORIES 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (HZT4U)
This course addresses three (or more) of the main areas of philosophy: metaphysics, logic, epistemology, ethics, social and political philosophy, and aesthetics.  Students will learn critical-thinking skills, the main ideas expressed by philosophers from a variety of the world's traditions, how to develop and explain their own philosophical ideas, and how to apply those ideas to contemporary social issues and personal experiences.  The course will also help students refine skills used in researching and investigating topics in philosophy.

INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (HHS4M)
This course applies current theories and research from the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology to the study of individual development, family behaviour, intimate and parent-child relationships, and the ways in which families interact within the diverse Canadian society. Students will learn the interpersonal skills required to contribute to the well-being of families and the investigative skills necessary to conduct and evaluate research about individuals and families.

CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (LVV4U)
This course allows students to explore the beliefs and achievements of the classical world, which have shaped Western thought and civilization.  Students will investigate such aspects of classical culture as its mythology, art, literature, and philosophy, as well as elements of ancient Greek and Latin, through a variety of activities such as dramatizations, audio-visual presentations and discussions.  By reading classical authors in English and examining archaeological evidence, students will enhance both their communication skills and their ability to think critically and creatively.

VISUAL ARTS 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION  (AVI4M)
This course focuses on the refinement of student's skills and knowledge in visual arts.  Students will analyse art forms; use theories of art in analysing and producing art; and increase their understanding of stylistic changes in modern and contemporary Western art, Canadian (including Native Canadian) art, and art forms from various parts of the world.  Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach.
 
DRAMATIC ARTS 12, UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE PREPARATION (ADA4M)
This course requires students to experiment with forms and conventions in dramatic literature, and to create/adapt and present dramatic works.  Students will do research on dramatic forms, conventions, themes, and theories of acting and directing from different historical periods, and apply their knowledge of these in analysing and interpreting dramatic literature, including Canadian works and works from various cultures in the late twentieth century.  Students will also examine the significance of dramatic arts in various cultures.

MEDIA ARTS 12, OPEN  (ASM4O)
This course emphasizes the development of the knowledge and skills required for the production of interactive media art forms (e.g. interactive art installations, interactive videos, simulations, network art).  Students will analyse and evaluate media art works, and will create their own works using a variety of technologies and processes (e.g., computer graphics, photo-imaging, digital video production techniques). Students will maintain a portfolio of their media art works.
 
CORE FRENCH 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (FSF4U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of French-language skills.  Students will consolidate their oral skills as they discuss literature, culture, and current issues.  They will read a variety of texts and will write a formal essay.  The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written  French will be emphasized throughout the  course.

SPANISH LEVEL 4, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (LWSDU)
This course prepares students for university studies in Spanish.  Students will enhance their ability to use Spanish with clarity and precision, and will develop the language skills needed to engage in sustained conversations and discussions, understand and evaluate information, read diverse materials for both study and pleasure, and write clearly and effectively.  Students will also have opportunities to add to their knowledge of the culture of countries where Spanish is spoken through the use of community resources and computer technology.

EXERCISE SCIENCE 12, UNIVERSITY PREPARATION (PSE4U)
This course focuses on the study of human movement and of systems, factors, and principles involved in human development.  Students will learn about the effects of physical activity on health and performance, the evolution of physical activity and sports, and the factors that influence an individual's participation in physical activity.  The course prepares students for university programs in physical education, kinesiology, recreation, and sports administration.